Part A - Explanation of Sports Coaching

The importance of spectrum of sports coaching established the best effective coaching styles which each different athletes can benefit from (SueSee, B., Pill, S., & Hewitt, M., 2020). There are an array of different coaching styles which stem from being coach-orientated to player-orientated. 

According to Mosston and Ashworth, there are a total of eleven coaching styles from A-K which all differ from one another.

A. Coaching by Command : The coach controls everything and dictate what the athletes do during the session. Setting the tone for the players but can be limiting for creativity or players cannot express what they want. An example of this is where a coach in a training session to tell the players to run two laps of the oval.

B. Coaching by Task (Practice): The coach demonstrates the drill and the athletes replicate the task. This style focuses on building on techniques with consistency.

C. Reciprocal: Athletes work with their peers and perform tasks where players play the role as an observer, providing feedback. This style requires the players to be experience to observe the right cues and technique to provide the correct insight to their peers.

D. Individual (Self-Check): Athletes become responsible of their own training and keeps themselves accountable. The players must know what their level of standard is and build an understanding to know what drills are effective for their development.

E. Small Group (Inclusion): Small groups are formed where players participate in a task together. This style also allows players of varying skill levels to work together, allowing for the least skill players to learn from the advance players, essentially building their game sense.

F. Coaching by Guided Discovery: A style where the coach provides question which gives hints to the players on an issue. The task could be that the attacking team is having difficulties breaching the opposition. So he'll ask guiding questions to the players to help them think of the solution based off what the coach wants the players to reach the solution.

G. Coaching by Problem Solving (Convergent Discovery): Players discusses with themselves to find a solution to the issue. The coach can provide hints to the players if necessary but this style focuses on the communication from the players to find the solution themselves, allowing to build on their knowledge and game sense.

H. Coaching for Creativity (Divergent Discovery): Allows the players to come up with different solutions to the issue, allowing for creativity. The question can be asked by the coach but it allows for multiple solutions to be possible. This allows the players to create new solutions based off their experience.

I. Player Designed - Coach Supported: The coach sets up a task and for the players to explore options to tackle the issue on hand for the session.

J. Player Initiated - Coach Supported: The coach plays the role of an observer where he/she allows the players to take charge of the session, provides feedback when requested by the players.

K. Player Self-Coaching: Players undertake their own individual training themselves.